Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics RSS feed: Current Issue. The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America updates you on the latest trends in patient management and the newest advances as well as provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Each issue focuses on a single topic in oral and maxillofacial surgery and is presented under the direction of an experienced guest editor. Subscribers to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics can subscribe to the companion Atlas at a reduced rate.http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics1042-3699213August 2009 © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000636/abstract?rss=yesContents10.1016/S1042-3699(09)00063-6Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1vviihttp://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000648/abstract?rss=yesForthcoming Issues10.1016/S1042-3699(09)00064-8Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1viiiviiihttp://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000715/abstract?rss=yesIt is our privilege to be the Guest Editors of this issue on the clinical features and etiology of the varying types of salivary infections, and the appropriate management strategies from a historical and present day perspective.PrefaceMichael D. Turner, Robert Glickman10.1016/j.coms.2009.06.001Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1ixixhttp://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000533/abstract?rss=yesThe parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. However, infection of the salivary glands can occur in any of the glands. The most common pathogens associated with acute bacterial infection are Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria. The predominant anaerobes include: anaerobic Gram negative bacilli (eg, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas); Fusobacterium spp; and Peptostreptococcus spp. In addition, Streptococcus spp (including Streptococcus pneumoniae) and aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli (including Escherichia coli) have been reported. Aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli are often seen in hospitalized patients. Organisms less frequently found are Haemophilus influenzae, Treponema pallidum, Bartonella henselae, and Eikenella corrodens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria are rare causes of infection. The choice of antibiotics should be guided by identification of the etiologic agent.The Bacteriology of Salivary Gland InfectionsItzhak Brook10.1016/j.coms.2009.05.001Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1269274http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000521/abstract?rss=yesThis article presents a survey of the imaging procedures in inflammatory changes of the salivary glands. State-of-the-art procedures are described along with a perspective on recent innovations. Various imaging procedures are discussed, including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Then, imaging options in different forms of acute and chronic sialadenitis are considered. The choice of method is guided by consideration of the reliability, the side effects, the accessibility, and, ultimately, the costs. The focus is mainly on diagnostic ultrasound and resonance methods because, with their aid, the investigation of almost all the inflammatory diseases of the large salivary glands can be performed with accurate results, without exposing the patient to radiation.Diagnostic Imaging in SialadenitisJohannes Zenk, Heinrich Iro, Nils Klintworth, Michael Lell10.1016/j.coms.2009.04.005Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1275292http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS104236990900051X/abstract?rss=yesSalivary gland infections are frequently encountered entities that are acquired in community and hospital settings. These infections have many causes and may be treated with a diverse array of modalities ranging from conservative medical therapy to removal of the affected salivary gland. Minimally invasive techniques employing diagnostic and interventional sialoendoscopy exist between these two extremes. If possible, the goal of management of such infections is to preserve the gland. It is the purpose of this article to review the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic salivary gland infections.Diagnosis and Management of Salivary Gland InfectionsEric R. Carlson10.1016/j.coms.2009.04.004Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1293312http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS104236990900048X/abstract?rss=yesThis article reviews major salivary gland anatomy and the differential diagnosis of salivary gland disease. The surgical technique for parotid and submandibular gland excision is described in detail. Possible complications and their management are also discussed, followed by a brief literature review of new surgical techniques.Indications, Techniques, and Complications of Major Salivary Gland ExtirpationAmy K. Hsu, David I. Kutler10.1016/j.coms.2009.04.001Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1313321http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000557/abstract?rss=yesObstructive disease and chronic infections often are managed by extirpative gland surgery. With the advent of new technology and better understanding of salivary physiology, minimally invasive surgical techniques provide the opportunity for safer and less invasive surgery in alternative care settings and the prospect for gland sparing and restoration of normal function. This article describes techniques for managing acute and chronic salivary gland infections using sialoendoscopy.Sialoendoscopy and Salivary Gland Sparing SurgeryMichael D. Turner10.1016/j.coms.2009.05.003Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1323329http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000491/abstract?rss=yesHistorically, the most significant non-HIV viral infection of salivary glands has been, and remains, mumps. Despite the widespread administration of mumps vaccines worldwide, sporadic outbreaks continue to be reported. Epidemiologic studies are invaluable in understanding the etiology of these outbreaks. Information gleaned from these studies, coupled with advances in immunology, virology, and DNA/RNA testing will hopefully result in the development of vaccination regimens to ensure eradication of the disease.Non-HIV Viral Infections of the Salivary GlandsAndrea Schreiber, Gabriel Hershman10.1016/j.coms.2009.04.003Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1331338http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000508/abstract?rss=yesThe authors review the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment modalities for salivary gland enlargement in an HIV-infected population. Because this can occasionally be the presenting clinical symptom of HIV infection, it is important for the oral/maxillofacial surgeon to diagnose and manage HIV salivary gland enlargement.HIV-associated Salivary Gland DiseaseRabie M. Shanti, Shahid R. Aziz10.1016/j.coms.2009.04.002Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1339343http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000545/abstract?rss=yesThe incidence of salivary gland infections in the pediatric population is low but not infrequently seen in pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery practices and hospital environs. With an ever increasing armamentarium of diagnostic tools and medical and surgical therapies, these patients can be managed successfully with minimum morbidity and decreased incidence of recurrences.Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Salivary Gland InfectionsAshish Patel, Vasiliki Karlis10.1016/j.coms.2009.05.002Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1345352http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000569/abstract?rss=yesThis article approaches sialadenitis from a personal perspective based on 15 years of clinical practice limited mainly to salivary gland diseases. Disorders of the salivary glands are uncommon. When they occur, experience in managing the process is diluted over a range of disciplines. The result is that traditional views go unchallenged and are recast unchanged from one textbook to another. Sialadenitis of bacterial origin is a relatively uncommon occurrence today and is normally associated with sialoliths. The most common viral infection of the salivary glands is mumps.Epidemiology of Salivary Gland InfectionsLuke Cascarini, Mark McGurk10.1016/j.coms.2009.05.004Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1353357http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1042369909000570/abstract?rss=yesSalivary gland infections arise from a wide variety of etiologies: bacteria, localized viruses, systemic viruses, autoimmune diseases, secondary to sialoliths and strictures, and congenital disorders. When dealing with these entities, the diagnosis of the majority of them can be made quickly, although some of the rarer diseases are more difficult to recognize, particularly when they have a more obvious secondary bacterial infection. This article presents six cases and describes their management.Case Presentations of Salivary Gland InfectionsMichael D. Turner, Robert Glickman10.1016/j.coms.2009.05.005Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1359362http://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/PIIS104236990900065X/abstract?rss=yesIndex10.1016/S1042-3699(09)00065-XOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, 3 (2009)2009-08-01Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics2009-08-01213S1042-3699(09)X0005-1363367